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CXS > SEC Filings for CXS > Form 10-Q on 6-Nov-2009All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for CREXUS INVESTMENT CORP.


6-Nov-2009

Quarterly Report


Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

We make forward-looking statements in this report that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words ''believe,'' ''expect,'' ''anticipate,'' ''estimate,'' ''plan,'' ''continue,'' ''intend,'' ''should,'' ''may,'' ''would,'' "will," or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, are forward-looking by their nature:
· our business and strategy; our projected financial and operating results;

· our ability to obtain and maintain financing arrangements and the terms of such arrangements;

· general volatility of the markets in which we acquire assets;

· the implementation, timing and impact of, and changes to, various government programs, including the Treasury's plan to buy U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities, the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility and the Public-Private Investment Program;

· our expected assets;

· changes in the value of our assets;

· interest rate mismatches between our assets and our borrowings used to fund such purchases;

· changes in interest rates and mortgage prepayment rates; effects of interest rate caps on our adjustable-rate assets;

· rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our assets;

· prepayments of the mortgage and other loans underlying our mortgage-backed or other asset-backed securities;

· the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;

· changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates, accounting guidance, and similar matters;

· availability of opportunities in real estate-related and other securities; availability of qualified personnel;

· estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;

· our understanding of our competition;

· market trends in our industry, interest rates, the debt securities markets or the general economy;

· our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; and

· our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these factors are described under the caption ''Risk Factors'' in registration statement on Form S-11 (Commission File No. 333- 160254) , as amended, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission which is available on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov, and additional risk factors set forth in this Form 10-Q. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


Executive Summary

We are a specialty finance company that will acquire, manage, and finance, directly or through our subsidiaries, commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real estate debt, commercial mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, and other commercial real estate-related assets. We expect that the commercial real estate loans we acquire will be high quality fixed and floating rate first mortgage loans secured by commercial properties. We may also acquire subordinated commercial mortgage loans and mezzanine loans. We intend to acquire CMBS which are rated AAA through BBB as well as CMBS that are below investment grade or are non-rated. The other commercial real estate-related securities and other commercial real estate asset classes will consist of debt and equity tranches of commercial real estate collateralized debt obligations, or CRE CDOs, loans to real estate companies including real estate investment trusts, or REITs, and real estate operating companies, or REOCs, commercial real estate securities and commercial real property. In addition, to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act, we expect to acquire residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS, for which a U.S. Government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association, or Ginnie Mae, or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or Freddie Mac, guarantees payments of principal and interest on the securities. We refer to these securities as Agency RMBS. We refer to Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac collectively as the Agencies.

We are externally managed by Fixed Income Discount Advisory Company, which we refer to as FIDAC.

We intend to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending on December 31, 2009. Our targeted asset classes and the principal investments we expect to make in each are as follows:

· Commercial real estate loans, consisting of:

o First Mortgage loans that are secured by commercial properties

o Subordinated mortgage loans or "B-notes"

o Mezzanine loans

o Construction loans

· Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities, or CMBS, consisting of:

o CMBS rated AAA through BBB

o CMBS that are rated below investment grade or are non-rated

· Other Commercial Real Estate Assests, consisting of:

o Debt and equity tranches of CRE CDOs

o Loans to real estate companies including REITs and REOCs

o Commercial real estate securities

o Commercial property

· Agency RMBS:

o Single-family residential mortgage pass-through certificates representing interests in "pools" of mortgage loans secured by residential real property where payments of both interest and principal are guaranteed by an agency

We completed our initial public offering on September 22, 2009. In that offering and in a concurrent private offering we raised net proceeds of approximately $257 million.


Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors over the long-term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. We intend to achieve this objective by investing in a broad range of commercial real estate-related assets to construct a portfolio that is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns and that is structured to comply with the various federal income tax requirements for REIT status and to maintain our exemption from the 1940 Act.

Since we commenced operations in September 2009, we have focused our investment activities on acquiring CMBS and on purchasing commercial mortgage loans that have been originated by select high-quality originators and CMBS. We did not, however, purchase any assets during the period ended September 30, 2009. We expect that over the near term our investment portfolio will be weighted toward CMBS and commercial real estate loans, subject to maintaining our REIT qualification and our 1940 Act exemption.

Our investment strategy is intended to take advantage of opportunities in the current interest rate and credit environment. We will adjust our strategy to changing market conditions by shifting our asset allocations across these various asset classes as interest rate and credit cycles change over time. We believe that our strategy, combined with FIDAC's experience, will enable us to pay dividends and achieve capital appreciation throughout changing market cycles. We expect to take a long-term view of assets and liabilities, and our reported earnings and mark-to-market valuations at the end of a financial reporting period will not significantly impact our objective of providing attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders over the long-term.

We do not presently intend to use recourse borrowings to finance our acquisitions of commercial real estate loans and CMBS. To the extent available, we may seek to finance our CMBS portfolio with non-recourse financings under the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, or the TALF, and based on market conditions we intend to utilize structural leverage through securitizations of commercial real estate loans or CMBS. With regard to leverage available under the TALF, the maximum level of allowable leverage under currently announced CMBS programs would be 6.67:1. If we are unable to obtain financing through U.S. Government programs and unable to invest in the asset classes expected to be financed through these programs at attractive rates of return on an unlevered basis, then we will either utilize other non-recourse financing sources or we will not invest in these asset classes. With regard to securitizations, the leverage will depend on the market conditions for structuring such transactions. We will seek to finance the acquisition of Agency RMBS using repurchase agreements with counterparties, which are recourse. We anticipate that leverage for Agency RMBS would be available to us, which would provide for a debt-to-equity ratio in the range of 2:1 to 4:1 but would likely not exceed 6:1. Based on current market conditions, we expect to operate within the leverage levels described above in the near and long term. We are not required to maintain any specific debt-to-equity ratio, as we believe the level of leverage will vary based on the particular asset class, the characteristics of the portfolio and market conditions. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing as described herein.

If we finance all or a portion of our portfolio, subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may utilize derivative financial instruments, including, among others, interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, and interest rate floors to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk. Specifically, we may seek to hedge our exposure to potential interest rate mismatches between the interest we earn on our assets and our borrowing costs caused by fluctuations in short-term interest rates. In utilizing leverage and interest rate hedges, our objectives will be to improve risk-adjusted returns and, where possible, to lock in, on a long-term basis, a spread between the yield on our assets and the cost of our financing.

Current Environment

We commenced operations in September 2009 in the midst of challenging market conditions. Beginning in the summer of 2007, significant adverse changes in financial market conditions have resulted in a deleveraging of the entire global financial system. As part of this process, residential and commercial mortgage markets in the United States have experienced a variety of difficulties including loan defaults, credit losses and reduced liquidity. As a result, many lenders have tightened their lending standards, reduced lending capacity, liquidated significant portfolios or exited the market altogether, and therefore, financing with attractive terms is generally unavailable.

In response to these unprecedented events, the U.S. Government has taken a number of actions to improve stability in the financial markets and encourage lending. These programs include the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP), the TALF and the Public-Private Investment Program (PPIP), among others. As these programs are still in early stages of their operations, it is not possible for us to predict how these programs will impact our business.


Factors Impacting our Operating Results

In addition to the prevailing market conditions, we expect that the results of our operations will be affected by a number of factors and will depend on, among other things, the level of our net interest income, the market value of our assets and the supply of, and demand for, commercial mortgage loans, commercial real estate debt, CMBS and other financial assets in the marketplace. Our net interest income, includes the actual payments we receive and is also impacted by the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts. Our net interest income varies over time, primarily as a result of changes in interest rates, prepayments on our mortgage loans and prepayment speeds, as measured by the Constant Prepayment Rate, or CPR, on our RMBS assets. Interest rates and prepayment rates vary according to the type of asset, conditions in the financial markets, credit worthiness of our borrowers, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. Our operating results may also be impacted by credit losses in excess of initial anticipations or unanticipated credit events experienced by borrowers whose mortgage loans are held directly by us or are included in our CMBS.

Change in Fair Value of our Assets. It is our business strategy to hold our targeted assets as long-term investments. As such, we expect that the majority of our MBS will be carried at their fair value, as available-for-sale securities in accordance with ASC 320 Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, with changes in fair value recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), a component of stockholders' equity, rather than through earnings. As a result, we do not expect that changes in the fair value of the assets will normally affect our operating results. At least on a quarterly basis, however, we will assess both our ability and intent to continue to hold such assets as long-term investments. As part of this process, we will monitor our targeted assets for other-than-temporary impairment. A change in our ability or intent to continue to hold any of our investment securities could result in our recognizing an impairment charge or realizing losses upon the sale of such securities.

Credit Risk. We may be exposed to various levels of credit risk depending on the nature of our underlying assets and the nature and level of credit enhancements, if any, supporting our assets. FIDAC and FIDAC's Investment Committee will review and monitor credit risk and other risks associated with each investment. We will seek to manage this risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence processes including, but not limited to, analysis of the sponsor/borrower, the structure of the investment, property information including tenant composition, the property's historical operating performance and evaluation of the market in which the property is located.

Size of Portfolio. The size of our portfolio, as measured by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of our mortgage loans and aggregate principal balance of our mortgage related securities and the other assets we own is also a key revenue driver. Generally, as the size of our portfolio grows, the amount of interest income we receive increases. The larger portfolio, however, drives increased expenses as we incur additional interest expense to finance the purchase of our assets.

Changes in Market Interest Rates. With respect to our proposed business operations, increases in interest rates, in general, may over time cause:

· the interest expense associated with our borrowings to increase;

· the value of our mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities or MBS, to decline;

· coupons on our mortgage loans to reset, although on a delayed basis, to higher interest rates;

· to the extent applicable under the terms of our investments, prepayments on our mortgage loan portfolio and MBS to slow, thereby slowing the amortization of our purchase premiums and the accretion of our purchase discounts; and

· to the extent we enter into interest rate swap agreements as part of our hedging strategy, the value of these agreements to increase.

Conversely, decreases in interest rates, in general, may over time cause:

· to the extent applicable under the terms of our investments, prepayments on our mortgage loan and MBS portfolio to increase, thereby accelerating the amortization of our purchase premiums and the accretion of our purchase discounts;

· the interest expense associated with our borrowings to decrease;

· the value of our mortgage loan and MBS portfolio to increase;



· to the extent we enter into interest rate swap agreements as part of our hedging strategy, the value of these agreements to decrease; and

· coupons on our adjustable-rate mortgage loans and MBS to reset, although on a delayed basis, to lower interest rates

Since changes in interest rates may significantly affect our activities, our operating results depend, in large part, upon our ability to effectively manage interest rate risks and prepayment risks while maintaining our status as a REIT.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principals accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. These accounting principles may require us to make some complex and subjective decisions and assessments. Our most critical accounting policies will involve decisions and assessments that could affect our reported assets and liabilities, as well as our reported revenues and expenses. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our consolidated financial statements are based will be reasonable at the time made and based upon information available to us at that time. The following are or will be our most critical accounting policies:

Loans and Securities Held for Investment

We will purchase CMBS, commercial real estate loans, and commercial real estate-related securities, a portion of which may be held for investment. Loans or securities held for investment are intended to be held to maturity and, accordingly, will be reported at amortized cost.

Securities Held as Available-for-Sale

A portion of our CMBS and commercial real estate-related securities may be held as available-for-sale. In accordance with ASC 320, Investments - Debt and Equity Securities, all assets classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income.

Valuation of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, Fair value Measurements and Disclosure, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands related disclosures. This guidance establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the observability of inputs utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair values. It also establishes market based or observable inputs as the preferred source of values, followed by valuation models using management assumptions in the absence of market inputs. The three levels of the hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Prices are determined using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing a security. These may include quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk and others.

Level 3 - Prices are determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity for an investment at the end of the period), unobservable inputs may be used.

Unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, and would be based on the best information available. We anticipate that a portion of our assets will fall in Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy.

FASB has provided guidance for the valuation of assets when the market is not active and when the volume and level of activity have significantly decreased, along with guidance on identifying transactions that are not orderly. This guidance allows the use of management's internal cash flow and discount rate assumptions when relevant observable data does not exist and clarifies how observable market information and market quotes should be considered when measuring fair value in an inactive market. Additionally, FASB provided guidance on determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased when compared with normal market activity for the asset or liability (or similar assets or liabilities). This guidance provides factors to evaluate if there has been a decrease in normal market activity and if so, provides a methodology to analyze transactions or quoted prices and make necessary adjustments to fair value. The objective is to determine the point within a range of fair value estimates that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.


We will rely on independent pricing of our assets at each quarter's end to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates of fair market value. FIDAC will evaluate the pricing of our assets estimates by conducting its own analysis at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. Any changes to the valuation methodology will be reviewed by management to ensure the changes are appropriate. As markets and products develop and the pricing for certain products becomes more transparent, we will continue to refine our valuation methodologies. The methods used by us may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while we anticipate that our valuation methods will be appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. We will use inputs that are current as of the measurement date, which may include periods of market dislocation, during which price transparency may be reduced.

Loan Impairment

Loans held for investment will be valued quarterly to determine if an impairment exists. Impairment occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. If upon completion of the valuation, the fair value of the underlying collateral securing the impaired loan is less than the net carrying value of the loan, an allowance will be created with a corresponding charge to the provision for losses. An allowance for each loan would be maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable losses. We may elect to sell a loan held for investment due to adverse changes in credit fundamentals. Once the determination has been made by us that we will no longer hold the loan for investment, we will account for the loan at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value. The reclassification of the loan/security and recognition of impairments could adversely affect our reported earnings.

Impairment of Securities

Securities will be valued quarterly to determine if an other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) exists. Impairment occurs when the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost basis. Securities will be analyzed for credit loss (the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost). Further the securities will be evaluated based on the intent to sell the security or if it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. If the intention is not to sell (nor are we required to sell) the credit loss, if any, will be recognized in the statement of earnings and the balance of impairment related to other factors recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). If the intention is to sell the security (or we are required to sell) before its anticipated recovery, the full OTTI will be recognized in the statement of earnings. The recognition of impairments could adversely affect our reported earnings.

Classifications of Investment Securities

Our MBS assets are expected to initially consist primarily of commercial real estate debt instruments and CMBS that we will classify as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. As such, we expect that our MBS classified as available-for-sale will be carried at their fair value in accordance with ASC 320, with changes in fair value recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), a component of stockholders' equity, rather than through earnings. We do not intend to hold any of our investment securities for trading purposes; however, if our securities were classified as trading securities, there could be substantially greater volatility in our earnings, as changes in the fair value of securities classified as trading are recorded through earnings. MBS assets held for investment will be stated at their amortized cost, net of deferred fees and costs with income recognized using the effective interest method. When the estimated fair value of an available-for-sale security is less than amortized cost, we will consider whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment in the value of the security. Unrealized losses on securities considered to be other-than-temporary will be recognized in earnings. The determination of whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired will involve judgments and assumptions based on subjective and objective factors. Consideration will be given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of recovery in fair value of the security and (iii) our intent to sell our investment in the security, or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in fair value. Investments with unrealized losses will not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired if we have the ability and intent to hold the investments for a period of time, to maturity if necessary, sufficient for a forecasted market price recovery up to or beyond the amortized cost of the investments.


Investment Consolidation

When acquiring assets, we will evaluate the underlying entity that issued the securities we intend to acquire, or to which we will make a loan to determine the appropriate accounting. We refer, initially, to guidance in ASC 860- Transfers and Servicing and ASC 810- Consolidation, in performing our analysis. ASC 810 addresses consolidation of certain entities in which voting rights are not effective in identifying an investor with a controlling financial interest. An entity is subject to consolidation under this guidance if it is determined that the entity is a Variable Interest Entity ("VIE") In a VIE, the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity's activities, or are not exposed to the entity's losses or entitled to its residual returns proportional to their ownership. Variable interest entities within the scope of this guidance are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is . . .

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